Frog Effigy Pipe
A.D. 1000—A.D. 1200

Carved at least 700 years ago from bauxite likely obtained in Arkansas, this effigy pipe was found in the Mississippi Valley, near East St. Louis. The right forefoot holds what appears to be a rattle used in song and dance—including, perhaps shamanistic ritual to induce a trance. The pipe bowl is on the frog's back, the draw hole at its hindquarters.