| Cultivated Plants in the Midwest. Data after Asch & Asch 1985; Asch, pers. comm., 1998; King 1984 | |||||||
| Earliest Occurrence | Common in American Bottom | ||||||
| Plant | of a Cultivated Plant in MO & IL | (important in diet) | |||||
| Common Name | Scientific Name | Culture Period | c14 yrs | Site | Culture Period | c14 yrs | |
| Starchy Seed Complex | |||||||
| Goosefoot | Chenopodium berlandieri | Archaic ? & M.W. | 4000 | Napoleon Hollow, IL | Middle Woodland | ~2000 | |
| & Koster, IL | |||||||
| Knotweed | Polygonum erectum | Middle Woodland | ~2000 | Hill Creek, IL | Middle Woodland | ~2000 | |
| Maygrass | Phalaris caroliniana | Middle Woodland | ? | ? | Middle Woodland | ~2000 | |
| Little Barley | Hordeum pusillum | Early Woodland | ~2500 | Ambrose Flick | Late Woodland | ~1500 | |
| Miscellaneous Domesticates: Food | |||||||
| Squash | Curcurbita argyrosperma | Middle Woodland | ~2000 | Holder, IL | Middle Woodland | ~2000 | |
| Common Sunflower | Helianthus annus | Archaic ? | 4000 | Napoleon Hollow, IL | Mississippian | ~1000 | |
| & Koster, IL | |||||||
| Maize | Zea mays | Middle Woodland | ~2000 | Peisker, IL | Mississippian | ~1000 | |
| Common Bean | Phaseolus vulgaris | Mississippian | ~950 | Pere Marquette Lodge | (present but rare) | ~700 | |
| Marsh Elder | Iva annua | Archaic | ~4000 | Koster, IL (Horizon 6) | Middle Woodland | ~2000 | |
| & Napoleon Hollow, IL | |||||||
| Miscellaneous Domesticates: Non-Food | |||||||
| Squash | Cucurbita pepo | Archaic | 7100 | Koster, IL (Horizon 8B) | Middle Woodland | ~2000 | |
| Bottle Gourd | Lagenaria siceraria | Archaic | 4300 | Phillips Spring, MO | Middle Woodland | ~2000 | |
| Tobacco | Nicotiana sp. | Middle Woodland | ~2000 | Smiling Dan, IL | Middle Woodland | ~2000 | |