Lichte--Gebrüder Heubach In 1843, two brothers, Georg Christoph and Philipp Jakob Heubach, purchased an existing porcelain factory in Lichte, Germany, for the purpose of making household pottery, figurines, and novelties. The brothers were part of a family of ten children, several of whom were also active in the porcelain industry. The factory continued in the family until 1938 when the firm filed for bankruptcy. The company began making doll heads in 1910 and made mostly character heads and small all-bisque dolls for dollhouses. They produced thousands of head models for many German and American dollmakers. They employed especially skillful modelers, many of whom were trained at the school for sculptors in Lichte founded by Gebrüder Heubach in 1862. The heads often had molded hair and intaglio eyes, a technique used to create an illusion of depth and realism in painted eyes. Although Gebrüder Heubach dolls were economically produced for the less affluent trade, the modeling of the doll heads was artistically exceptional. From the childlike hair styles to dimples on chins, Heubach heads were natural portraits of expressive children. Heubach produced an unusually large number of boy doll heads, many of which were distinctively male.