Art | Economy | Environment | Society | Technology | Maps |

RiverWeb Mississippian Saga References

Ahler, S. R.
1999. Projectile Point Caches, IN The Mound 72 Area: Dedicated and Sacred Space in Early Cahokia, by M. L. Fowler, J. Rose, B. Vander Leest, and S. R. Ahler. Illinois State Museum, Reports of Investigations, No. 54.

Aitken, M. J.
1990. Science-Based Dating in Archaeology. Longman, London & NY.

Anderson, D. G.
1994. The Savannah River Chiefdoms: Political Change in the Late Prehistoric Southeast. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa.

Anderson, J.
1969. A Cahokia Palisade Sequence. In Explorations in Cahokia Archaeology, edited by M. L. Fowler, pp. 89-99. Illinois Archaeological Survey, Bulletin No. 7.

Asch, D. L. and N. B. Asch
1985. Archeobotany. In Smiling Dan: Structure and Function at a Middle Woodland Settlement in the Lower Illinois Valley, edited by B. D. Stafford, and M. B. Sant, pp. 327-401. Research Series 2, Center for American Archaeology, Kampsville, IL.

Benchley, E. D.
1975. Summary Field Report of Excavations on the Southwest Corner of the First Terrace of Monks Mound: 1968, 1969, 1971. In Cahokia Archaeology: Field Reports, edited by M. L. Fowler, pp. 16-24. Illinois State Museum Research Series, Papers in Anthropology 3, Springfield.

Binford, L. R.
1980. Bones: Ancient Men and Modern Myths. Academic Press, NY.

Blanton, R. E., S. A. Kowalewski, G. Feinman, and J. Appel
1981. Ancient Mesoamerica: A Comparison of Change in Three Regions. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Bonnichsen, R. and M. Sorg (editors)
1989. Taphonomy. University of Maine at Orono, Orono, ME.

Brain¸ J. P.
1991. Cahokia from the Southern Periphery In New Perspectives on Cahokia, edited by J. B. Stoltman, pp. 93-100. Monographs in World Archaeology No. 2 Prehistory Press, Madison.

Brown, J. A.
1985. The Mississippian Period. In Ancient Art of the American Woodland Indians, edited by D. S. Brose, J. A.Brown, and D. W. Penney, photographs by D. Bakker, pp. 93-145. Harry N. Abrams, NY.

1989. On Style Divisions of the Southeastern Ceremonial Complex: A Revisionist Approach. In The Southeastern Ceremonial Complex: Artifacts and Analysis, edited by P. Galloway, p. 183-204. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.

1991. The Falcon and the Serpent: Life in the Southeastern United States at the Time of Columbus. In Circa 1492: Art in the Age of Exploration, edited by J. A. Levenson, pp. 529-534. Yale University Press, New Haven.

Buckingham, J. S.
1842. The Eastern and Western States of America. 3 vols. Fisher and Son, London.

Bushnell, D. I.,
1914. Archaeological Investigations in Ste. Genevieve County, Missouri. Washington DC.

Butzer, K. W.
1982. Archaeology as Human Ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA.

Central Mississippi Valley Archaeological Research Institute and the Cahokia Mounds Museum Society.
1991. American Bottom Archaeology 1991 Calendar. Andromedia Printing & Graphic Art Company.

Crabtree, D. E.
1972. An Introduction to Flintworking. Occasional Papers of the Idaho State University Museum, No. 28.

Davis, S. J. M.
1987. The Archaeology of Animals. Yale University Press, New Haven & London.

Dick, G. C.,
1955. Incised Pottery Decorations from Cahokia, A Middle Mississippi Site in Western Illinois. Missouri Archaeologist 17(4):36-48.

Dictionary of Geological Terms.
1976. Anchor Press, Garden City, NY.

Deuel, T.
1958. American Indian Ways of Life. Illinois State Museum Story of Illinois No. 9, Springfield.

Drennan, R. D. and C. A. Uribe (editors)
1987. Chiefdoms in the Americas. University Press of American, Lanham, MD.

Du Pratz, M. L. P.
1972 (1774). The History of Louisiana. Reprint. Claitor's Publishing Division, Baton Rouge.

Earle, T. K.
1991. Chiefdoms: Power, Economy, and Ideology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Earle, T. K.
1997. How Chiefs Come to Power. Stanford University Press.

Emerson, T. E.
1992. The Mississippian Dispersed Village as a Social and Environmental Strategy. In Late Prehistoric Agriculture:Observations from the Midwest, edited by W. I. Woods, pp. 198-216. Studies in Illinois Archaeology No. 8, IHPA.

1995. Settlement, Symbolism, and Hegemony in the Cahokian Countryside. PhD. Dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin, Madison.

1997. Cahokia and the Archaeology of Power. The University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa and London.

Emerson, T. E. and D. K. Jackson
1984. The BBB Motor Site (11-Ms-595). American Bottom Archaeology, FAI-270 Site Reports, Vol. 6. University of Illinois Press, Urbana.

Emerson, T. E. and R. Lewis (editors)
1991. Cahokia and the Hinterlands. University of Illinois Press, Urbana.

Emerson, T. E. and G. R. Milner
1981. The Mississippian Occupation of the American Bottom: The Communities. Paper presented at the 26thAnnual Midwest Archaeological Conference, Madison.

Esarey, D. and T. R. Pauketat
1992. The Lohmann Site: An Early Mississippian Center in the American Bottom. American Bottom Archaeology,FAI-270 Site Reports Vol. 25. University of Illinois Press.

Evans, J. G.
1978. An Introduction to Environmental Archaeology. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY.

FAUNMAP
1994. Faunmap: A Database Documenting Late Quaternary Distributions of Mammal Species in the United States. Illinois State Museum Scientific Papers, Vol. XXV, No.s 1 & 2. Illinois State Museum, Springfield.

Flint, T.
1828. A Condensed Geography and History of the Western States of the Mississippi Valley, 2 vols. E. H. Flint, Cincinnati.

Flint, R. F.
1971. Glacial and Quaternary Geology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., NY.

Fortier, A. C.
1996. The Marge Site: Late Archaic and Emergent Mississippian Occupations in the Palmer Creek Locality.American Bottom Archaeology, FAI 270 Site Reports, Vol. 27. University of Illinois Press, Urbana.

1995. The Vogt Petroglyph Complex in Monroe Co., Illinois. Illinois Archaeology 7(1-2): 82-101.

Forbes, S. A., and R. E. Richardson
1920. The Fishes of Illinois. State of Illinois Natural History Survey. AKA Natural History Survey of Illinois Vol. 3. Ichthyology.

Ford, R. I. (editor)
1985. Prehistoric Food Production in North America. Anthropological Papers, Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, No. 75, Ann Arbor.

Fowke, G.
1910. Antiquities of Central and Southeastern Missouri. Bureau of American Ethnology 37, Washington DC.

Fowler, M. L.
1974. Cahokia: Ancient Capitol of the Midwest. Addison Wesley Module in Anthropology 48:3-38.

1991. Mound 72 and Early Mississippian at Cahokia. In New Perspectives on Cahokia, edited by J. B. Stoltman,pp. 1-28. Monographs in World Archaeology, No. 2. Prehistory Press, Madison.

1996. Introduction. In The Ancient Skies and Sky Watchers of Cahokia: Woodhenges, Eclipses, and Cahokian Cosmology. Wisconsin Archaeologist. 77(3/4):3-11.

1997. The Cahokia Atlas: A Historical Atlas of Cahokia Archaeology. revised edition. University of Illinois Press, Urbana.

Fowler, M. L. (editor)
1996. The Ancient Skies and Sky Watchers of Cahokia: Woodhenges, Eclipses, and Cahokian Cosmology. The Wisconsin Archaeologist 77(3/4).

Fowler, M. L., J. Rose, B. Vander Leest, and S. R. Ahler
1999. The Mound 72 Area: Dedicated and Sacred Space in Early Cahokia. Illinois State Museum Reports of Investigation, No. 54. Illinois State Museum, Springfield.

Freidman, G. M. and J. E. Sanders.
1978. Principles of Sedimentology. John Wiley & Sons, NY.

Freimuth, G. and W. La Berge
1976. Dating and Environmental Reconstruction from Prehistoric Mud-Dauber Nests: Some Possibilities. Plains Anthropologist 21(72):111-114.

Funkhouser, W. D., and W. S. Webb
1930. Rock Shelters of Wolfe and Powell Counties, Kentucky. The University of Kentucky, Reports in Archaeology and Anthropology, Vol. 1, No. 4. University of Kentucky, Lexington.

Gallagher, J. P.
1992. Prehistoric Field Systems in the Upper Midwest. In Late Prehistoric Agriculture, edited by W. I. Woods, pp.99-135. Studies in Illinois Archaeology No. 8, IHPA.

Gilbert, C. M.
1980. Oklahoma Prehistory. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.

Gilmore, M. R.
1931. Vegetal Remains of the Ozark Bluff-Dweller Culture. In Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts,and Letters, Vol XIV, edited by E. S. McCartney and P. Okkelberg, pp. 83-102. University of Michigan Press.

Gladfelter, B. G.
1981. "Developments and Directions in Geoarchaeology." In Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory, 4:343-364, edited by M. B. Schiffer. Academic Press, NY.

Goldstein, L. E., and J. D. Richards
1991. Ancient Aztalan: The Cultural and Ecological Context of a Late Prehistoric Site in the Midwest. In Cahokia and the Hinterlands, edited by T. E. Emerson and R. B. Lewis, pp. 193-206. University of Illinois Press, Urbana.

Graham, R. W., H. A. Semken, Jr., and M. A. Graham (editors)
1987. Late Quaternary Mammalian Biogeography and Environments of the Great Plains and Prairies. Illinois State Museum Scientific Papers, Vol. XXII. Illinois State Museum, Springfield.

Graham, R. W. et al.
1986. Quaternary Records of Southwestern Illinois and adjacent Missouri. American Quaternary Association, Field Guide. University of Illinois, Urbana.

Grayson, D. K.
1984. Quantitative Zooarchaeology: Topics in the Analysis of Archaeological Faunas. Academic Press, NY.

Grossman, M. L. and J. Hamlet, photos by S. Grossman
1964. Birds of Prey of the World. Clarkson N. Potter, Inc. NY.

Hajic, E. R.
1998. Appendix E: Geologic Investigations. In An Archaeological Survey of the Horseshoe Lake State Park,Madison County, Illinois, T. R. Pauketat, M. A. Rees, and S. L. Pauketat, with contributions by E. R. Hajic and B. Koldehoff, pp. 137-147. Illinois State Museum Reports of Investigations, No. 55. Illinois State Museum, Springfield.

Hajic, E. R.
1993. Geomorphology of the northern American Bottom as Context for Archaeology. In Highways to the Past: Essays on Illinois Archaeology in Honor of C. J. Baeris, edited by T. E. Emerson, A. C. Fortier, and D. L. McElrath. Illinois Archaeology 5:54-65.

Hajic, E. R. et al.
1989. Archaeological Geology and Geomorphology in the central Mississippi and lower Illinois River Valley Region, Illinois and Missouri. Guidebook, Geological Society of America, Archaeological Geology Division Field Trip.

Hall, R.
1991. Identity and Interaction Models of Cahokia Mississippian. In Cahokia and the Hinterlands, edited by T. E.Emerson and R. B. Lewis, pp. 3-34. University of Illinois Press.

Hamilton, H. W.
1952. The Spiro Mound with a Preface by J. A. Brown, and including An Interpretation of the Place of Spiro Mound by Charles C. Willoughby. Missouri Archaeologist Vol. 14.

Hastorf, C. A. and V. S. Popper (editors)
1988. Current Paleoethnobotany. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Hayden, B. (editor)
1979. Lithic Use-Wear Analysis. Academic Press, NY.

Hoffmeister, D. F.
1989. Mammals of Illinois University of Illinois Press, Urbana.

Holley, G. R.
1995. Microliths and the Kunnemann Tract: An Assessment of Craft Production at the Cahokia Site. Illinois Archaeology 7(1-2): 1-68.

Holmes, J. H.
1883. Art in Shell of the Ancient Americans. Bureau of American Ethnology, 2nd Annual Report. Washington D.C.

Howard, J. H.
1968. The Southeastern Ceremonial Complex and its Interpretation. Memoir of the Missouri Archaeological Society No. 6.

Interpretation and Exhibits Branch of the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department
1984. Caddoan Mounds: Temples and Tombs of an Ancient People. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Austin.

Jackson, D. K., A. C. Fortier, and J. A. Williams
1992. The Sponemann Site 2 (11-MS-517): The Mississippian and Oneota Occupations. American Bottom Archaeology, FAI-270 Site Reports Vol. 24. University of Illinois Press, Urbana.

Jefferies, R. W.
1987. The Archaeology of Carrier Mills. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale and Edwardsville.

Johnson, A. W. and T. K. Earle
1987. The Evolution of Human Societies: From Foraging Group to Agrarian State. Stanford University Press, Stanford.

Johnson, T. R.
1987. The Amphibians and Reptiles of Missouri. Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City MO.

Kelly, J. E.
1996. Redefining Cahokia: Principles and Elements of Community Organization. In The Ancient Skies and Sky Watchers of Cahokia: woodhenges, Eclipses, and Cahokian Cosmology. Wisconsin Archaeologist. 77(3/4):97-119.

1996. Redefining Cahokia: Principles and Elements in Community Organization. Wisconsin Archeologist 77(3/4):97-119.

1994. The Archaeology of the East St. Louis Mound Center: Past and Present. Illinois Archaeology 6(1 and 2):1-57.

1991. Cahokia and its Role as a Gateway Center in Interregional Exchange. In Cahokia and the Hinterlands, edited by T. E. Emerson and R. B. Lewis, pp. 61-80. University of Illinois Press.

Kelly, J. E., S. J. Ozuk, and J. A. Williams, with contributions by L. S. Kelly, L. Whalley, and G. R. Milner
1990. The Range Site 2: The Emergent Mississippian Dohack and Range Phase Occupations (11-S-47). American Bottom Archaeology, FAI-270 Site Reports, Vol. 20. University of Illinois Press, Urbana.

Kelly, L. S.
1997. Patterns of Faunal Exploitation at Cahokia. In Cahokia: Domination and Ideology in the Mississippian World,edited by T. R. Pauketat and T. E. Emerson, pp. 60-88. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.

1994. Assessing the Role of Faunal Resources at the Cahokia Site. Paper presented at the 51st Southeastern Archaeological Conference, Lexington, KY.

Kempton, J. H.
1937. Maize: Our Heritage from the Indians. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington.

King, F. B.
1984. Plants, People, and Paleoecology. Illinois State Museum Scientific Papers, Vol. 20. Illinois State Museum,Springfield.

Klein, R. G. and K. Cruz-Uribe
1984. The Analysis of Animal Bones from Archaeological Sites. University of Chicago Press,Chicago.

Knight, V. J. Jr.
1989. Some Speculations on Mississippian Monsters. In The Southeastern Ceremonial Complex: Artifacts and Analysis, edited by P. Galloway, pp. 205-210. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.

Kuchler, A. W.
1964. Potential Natural Vegetation of the Conterminous United States. American Geographical Society, Special Publication No. 36. NY. (map reproduced and printed in 1964 by A. Hoen and Co., Inc., Baltimore, MD.

Kurten, B. and E. Anderson
1980. Pleistocene Mammals of North America. Columbia University Press, NY.

Ladassor, G.
nd. Cahokia Ornaments in Cahokia Brought to Life: An Artifactual Story of America's Great Monument. pp.32-41.Greater St. Louis Archaeological Society, Wellington Printing Co., St. Louis.

Leighton, M. M., G. E. Ekblaw, and L. Horberg
1948. Physiographic Divisions of Illinois. ISGS Report of Investigations, No. 129. Illinois State Geological Survey,Champaign, Illinois.

Lineback, J.A.
1979. Quaternary Deposits of Illinois. (1: 500000 map). Illinois State Geological Survey, Champaign, Illinois.

Lyman, R. L.
1996. Taphonomy. Plenum Press.

MacCurdy, G. C.
1913. Shell Gorgets from Missouri. American Anthropologist XV, 3:395-414.

McElrath, D. C., J. A. Williams, T. O. Maher, and M. C. Meinkoth
1987. Emergent Mississippian and Mississippian Communities at the Radic Site. American Bottom Archaeology,FAI-270 Site Reports, Vol. 17, No. 1. University of Illinois Press, Urbana.

McGimsey, C. R., and M. D. Wiant
1984. Limited Archaeological investigations at Monks Mound (11MS38): Some Perspectives on its Stability,Structure and Age. IHPA Studies in Illinois Archaeology, No. 1.

Mathews, R. K.
1974. Dynamic Stratigraphy. Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ.

Milner, G. R.
1998. The Cahokia Chiefdom: The Archaeology of a Mississippian Society. Smithsonian Institution Press,Washington, DC.

1990. The Late Prehistoric Cahokia Cultural System of the Mississippi River Valley: Foundation, Florescence, and Fragmentation. Journal of World Prehistory 4:1-43.

1984. The Julien Site. American Bottom Archaeology, FAI-270 Reports, Vol. 7. IDOT University of Illinois Press,Urbana.

1983. The Turner and Demange Sites. American Bottom Archaeology, FAI-270 Site Reports, Vol. 4. University of Illinois Press, Urbana.

1983. The East St. Louis Stone Quarry Site Cemetery. American Bottom Archaeology FAI-270 Reports, Vol. 1.University of Illinois Press, Urbana.

1982. The Robinson's Lake Site (11-Ms-582): A Small Late Bluff Settlement. American Bottom Archaeology FAI-270 Site Reports, Vol. 10. University of Illinois Press, Urbana.

Milner, G. R., and J. S. Oliver
1999. Late Prehistoric Settlements and Wetlands in the Central Mississippi Valley. In Settlement Pattern Studies in the Americas: Fifty Years Since Viru, edited by B. R. Billman and G. M. Feinman, pp. 79-95. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC.

Milner, G. R. and M. D. Wiant
1998. The Amount of Earth Moved Building Cahokia's Mounds. Paper presented at the Platforms of Power Conference, Cahokia Mound Museum, Cahokia, IL.

Milner, G. R, J. S. Oliver, and E. K. Schroeder
1994. Late Prehistoric Central Mississippi Valley: Cultural and Natural Landscapes. Paper presented at the 59thAnnual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Anaheim, CA.

Milner, G. R., T. E. Emerson, M. W. Meher, J. A. Williams, and D. Esarey.
1984. Mississippian and Oneota Period. In American Bottom Archaeology, edited by C. J. Bareis and J. W. Porter,pp. 158-186. University of Illinois Press, Urbana.

Moorehead, W. K.
1932. Etowah Papers. Published for the Department of Archaeology, Phillips Academy, Andover, MA, by Yale University Press, New Haven.

1929. The Cahokia Mounds. University of Illinois, Urbana.

Moulton, G. E.
1983-1996. The Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, 10 vols. Academic Press, NY.

Muller, J.
1977. Mississippian Political Economy. Plenum Press.

Nelson, B. A. (editor)
1985. Decoding Prehistoric Ceramics. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.

O'Brien, P. J.
1994. Prehistoric Politics: Petroglyphs and the Political Boundaries of Cahokia. Gateway Heritage 15(1):30-47.

Oliver, W.
1843. Eight Months in Illinois; with information to Emigrants. Mitchell, Newcastle upon Tyne.

Pauketat, T. R.
1993. Temples for Cahokia Lords: Preston Holder's 1955-1956 Excavations of Kunnemann Mound. Memoirs of the University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology, No. 26. Ann Arbor.

Pauketat, T. R., and N. H. Lopinot
1997. Cahokia Population Dynamics. In Cahokia: Domination and Ideology in the Mississippian World, edited by T.R. Pauketat and T. E. Emerson, pp. 103-123. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.

Pauketat, T. R. and T. E. Emerson (editors)
1997. Cahokia: Domination and Ideology in the Mississippian World. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.

Pauketat, S. L. and T. R. Pauketat
1998. "Environment." In An Archaeological Survey of the Horseshoe Lake State Park, Madison County, Illinois, by T. R. Pauketat, M. A. Rees, and S. L. Pauketat, pp. 5-9. Illinois State Museum Reports of Investigations, No. 55. Illinois State Museum, Springfield.

Pauketat, T. R., M. A. Rees, and S. L. Pauketat, with contributions by E. R. Hajic and B.Koldehoff
1998. An Archaeological Survey of the Horseshoe Lake State Park, Madison County, Illinois. Illinois State Museum Reports of Investigations, No. 55. Illinois State Museum, Springfield.

Pauketat, T. R., and T. E. Emerson
1997. Introduction. In Cahokia: Domination and Ideology in the Mississippian World, edited by T. R. Pauketat and T. E. Emerson, pp. 1-29. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.

Perino, G. H.
1971. The Mississippian Components at the Schild site (No. 4) Greene County, Illinois. In Mississippian Site Archaeology in Illinois: I. Site Reports from the St. Louis and Chicago Areas, edited by J. A. Brown, pp. 1-148. IAS Bulletin No.8.

Porter, J. W.
1969. The Mitchell site and Prehistoric Exchange Systems at Cahokia: AD 1000+/- 300. In Explorations in Cahokia Archaeology, edited by M. L. Fowler, pp. 137-164. Illinois Archaeological Survey, Bulletin No. 7.

Purdue, J. R., W. E. Klippel, and B. W. Styles
1991. Beamers, Bobwhites, and Blue-Points: Tributes to the Career of Paul W. Parmalee. Illinois State Museum Scientific Papers, Vol. XXIII. Illinois State Museum, Springfield.

Reed, N. A., J. W. Bennet, and J. W. Porter
1968. Solid Core Drilling of Monks Mound: Technique and Findings. American Antiquity 33:137-148

Rice, P. M.
1987. Pottery Analysis: A Sourcebook. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Riley, T. J., G. R. Waltz, C. J. Bareis, A. C. Fortier, and K. E. Parker
1994. Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) Dates Confirm early Zea mays in the Mississippi River Valley.American Antiquity 59(3):490-498.

Rindos, D., and S. Johannsen
1991. Human-plant Interactions and Cultural Change in the American Bottom. In Cahokia and the Hinterlands,edited by T. E. Emerson and R. B. Lewis, pp. 35-45. University of Illinois Press, Urbana.

Rolingson, M. A.
1996. Elements of Community Design at Cahokia. In The Ancient Skies and Sky Watchers of Cahokia:woodhenges, Eclipses, and Cahokian Cosmology. Wisconsin Archaeologist. 77(3/4):84-96.

Schoolcraft, H. R.
1819. A View of the Lead Mines of Missouri. C. Wiley, NY.

1825. Travels in the Central Portions of the Mississippi Valley. Collins and Hannay, NY.

Service, E.
1962. Primitive Social Organization: An Evolutionary Perspective. Random House, NY.

Skele, M.
1988. The Great Knob: Interpretations of Monks Mound. Studies in Illinois Archaeology, No. 4. Illinois Historic Preservation Agency, Springfield.

Smith, B. D.
1992. Rivers of Change. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC.

Smith, B. D. (editor)
1978. Mississippian Settlement Patterns. Academic Press, NY.

Speth, J. D.
1983. Bison Kills and Bone Counts: Decision Making by Ancient Hunters. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Stafford, C. R. and E. R. Hajic
1992. "Landscape scale: Geoenvironmental Approaches to Prehistoric Settlement Strategies." In Space, Time, and Archaeological Landscapes, edited by J. Rossignol and L. Wandsnider. Plenum Press, NY.

Steponaitis, V. P.
1978. Location Theory and Complex Chiefdoms: A Mississippian Example, In Mississippian Settlement Patterns,edited by B. D. Smith, pp. 417-453, Academic Press, NY.

Stoltman, J. B. (editor)
1991. New Perspectives on Cahokia: Views from the Periphery. Prehistory Press, Madison.

Styles, B. W.
1994. The Value of Archaeological Faunal Remains for Paleodietary Reconstruction: A Case Study for the Midwestern United States, pp. 34-54 IN Paleonutrition: The Diet and Health of Prehistoric Americans, edited by K. D. Sobolik, Center for Archaeological Investigations, Occasional Paper, No. 22. Southern Illinois University at Carbondale.

Tiffany, J.
1991. Modeling Mill Creek-Mississippian Interaction. In New Perspectives on Cahokia, edited by J. B. Stoltman,pp.319-354. Monographs in World Archaeology No. 2. Prehistory Press, Madison.

Vogel, J. O.
1975. Trends in Cahokia ceramics: Preliminary study of the collections from tracts 15A and 15B. In Perspectives in cahokia Archaeology, edited by J. A. Brown, pp. 32-125. IAS Bulletin No. 10.

Waring, A. J., Jr.
1940-1945. The Southern Cult and Muskogean Ceremonial. In The Waring Papers, The Collected Works of Antonio J. Waring, Jr., edited by S. Williams, p. 30-69. Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography, Cambridge, MA.

Waring, A. J., Jr., and P. Holder
1968. A Prehistoric Ceremonial Complex in the Southeastern United States. In The Waring Papers, The Collected Works of Antonio J. Waring, Jr., edited by S. Williams, p. 9-29. Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography, Cambridge, MA.

Webb, W. S., and W. D. Funkhouser
1930. Rock Shelters of Wolfe and Powell Counties, Kentucky. The University of Kentucky, Reports in Archaeology and Anthropology, Vol. 1, No. 4. University of Kentucky, Lexington.

Webster, W. D., J. F. Parnell, and W. C. Biggs, Jr.
1985. Mammals of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Maryland. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.

West, R. G.
1977. Pleistocene Geology and Biology. Longman, London & NY.

White, W. P., S. Johannessen, P. G. Cross, and L. S. Kelly
1984. "Environmental Setting." In American Bottom Archaeology: A Summary of the FAI-270 Project Contribution to the Culture History of the Mississippi River Valley, edited by C. J. Bareis and J. W. Porter, pp. 15-33. University of Illinois Press, Urbana.

Whittaker, R.
1975. Communities and Ecosystems. MacMillan Publishing Co., Inc., NY.

Wiant, M.D., and M. Schroeder
1998. Small Scale Remains as a Means of Exploring Mound Use and Construction. Paper presented at the Platforms of Power Conference, Cahokia Mound Museum, Cahokia, IL.

Wiant, M. D., E. R. Hajic, and T. R. Styles
1983. "Napoleon Hollow and Koster Site Stratigraphy: Implications for Holocene Landscape Evolution and Studies of Archaic Period Settlement Patterns in the lower Illinois River Valley." In Archaic Hunter and Gatherers in the American Midwest, edited by J. L. Phillips and J. A. Brown, pp. 147-164. Academic Press, NY.

Wild, J. C.
1841. The Valley of the Mississippi Illustrated in a Series of Views. Republican Printing Office, St. Louis.

Willey, G. R.
1966. An Introduction to American Archaeology, Vol. I. Fig. 5-59, p. 305 Englewood Cliffs, NJ.

Williams, S., and J. M. Goggin
1956. The Long Nosed God Mask in Eastern North America. Missouri Archaeologist 18(3):3-72.

Wilson, G. L.
1917. Agriculture of the Hidatsa Indians: An Indian Interpretation. University of Minnesota Studies in the Social Sciences, No. 9.

Wittry, W. L.
1969. The American Woodhenge. In Explorations in Cahokia Archaeology, edited by M. L. Fowler, pp. 43-48. . Illinois Archaeological Survey, Bulletin No. 7.

1996. Discovering and Interpreting the Cahokia woodhenges. In The Ancient Skies and Sky Watchers of Cahokia:woodhenges, Eclipses, and Cahokian Cosmology. Wisconsin Archaeologist. 77(3/4):26-35.

Yerkes, R. W.
1991. Specialization in Shell Artifact Production at Cahokia. In New Perspectives on Cahokia, edited by J. B.Stoltman, pp. 49-64. Monographs in World Archaeology No. 2 Prehistory Press, Madison.

1987. Prehistoric Life on the Mississippi Floodplain: Stone Tool Use, Settlement Organization,and Subsistence Practices at the Labras Lake Site, Illinois. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.